Beta Cell Toxicity

Discuss the relationship between B-cell perniciousness and diabetes type II; what is the role of activated oxygen species? Type II diabetes, non-insulin dependent, is a progressive disease characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic B-cell despatch apoptosis which result in hyperglycemia (Mahan, Escott-Stump, & Ramond, 2012). The resulting hyperglycemia induces, and is exacerbated by irreversible B-cell toxicity, which furthers the damaging effects of insulin sensitivity and insulin discrimination (Mahan et al., 2012). This is supported by Robertoson, Takahashi, Tanaka, and Tran (2003), whose research indicated that hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes is a secondary cause of beta-cell toxicity. B-cell toxicity develops over lengthened exposure to high glucose concentration and results in damage to cellular components of insulin production that effect insulin concentration and secretion (Robertson et al., 2003). Robertson et al. found that the restroom of B-cell glucose toxicity involves pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), a vital regulator of insulin promoter activity. Roberson find oneself in vivo, that Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats lost islet B-cell deoxyribonucleic social disease binding activity of PDX-1 and insulin gene expression as they progressively developed more severe hyperglycemia.

In the same study, Roberson in like manner observed that PDX-1 and insulin were preserved, and glycemic control was improved when the ZDF rats were toughened with either an antioxidant or lowered blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that B-cell toxicity is also a consequence of oxidative stress. Chronic oxidative stress end-to-end the body is often associ! ated with hyperglycemia because the unreasonable glucose concentrations form reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased ROS is common in the pathogenesis of diabetes (Drews, Krippeit-Drews, & Dufer, 2010). B-cells atomic number 18 especially at risk as a grade for ROS. They have especially low antioxidant defense capacity because they...If you urgency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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